{"id":87722,"date":"2024-10-01T19:58:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T00:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thecitizenfortheworld.com\/?p=87722"},"modified":"2024-10-01T19:58:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T00:58:13","slug":"como-china-paso-de-ser-un-pais-pobre-y-rural-a-una-superpotencia-mundial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecitizenfortheworld.com\/?p=87722","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo China pas\u00f3 de ser un pa\u00eds pobre y rural a una superpotencia mundial"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bbc-1151pbn ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<section class=\"bbc-1vjaf6b\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"article-byline\">\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><b>Cuando Mao Zedong lleg\u00f3 al poder en 1949, China estaba sumida en la pobreza y devastada por la guerra.<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Hoy, cuando se cumplen 75 a\u00f1os del triunfo de los comunistas, el pa\u00eds es radicalmente diferente: es una potencia mundial de primer orden y aspira a convertirse en la primera econom\u00eda del globo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Pero su &#8220;milagro econ\u00f3mico&#8221;, \u00fanico en la historia, no se debi\u00f3 al &#8220;Gran Timonel&#8221;, sino a una campa\u00f1a impulsada por otro l\u00edder comunista, Deng Xiaoping.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Se llam\u00f3 &#8220;Reforma y apertura&#8221; y\u00a0<b>logr\u00f3 sacar a 740 millones de personas de la pobreza<\/b>, seg\u00fan cifras oficiales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"bbc-geybui\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Publicidad 2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-e2e=\"advertisement\"><\/section>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Bajo la idea de un &#8220;socialismo con caracter\u00edsticas chinas&#8221;, Deng rompi\u00f3 con lo establecido e impuls\u00f3 una serie de reformas econ\u00f3micas, centradas en la agricultura, la liberalizaci\u00f3n del sector privado, la modernizaci\u00f3n de la industria y la apertura de China al comercio exterior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Ese camino alej\u00f3 al pa\u00eds del comunismo de Mao Zedong y supuso una &#8220;ruptura de las cadenas&#8221; del pasado, en palabras del propio presidente chino, Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"Un-pa\u00eds-pobre\" class=\"bbc-1f03ibc eglt09e0\" tabindex=\"-1\">Un pa\u00eds pobre<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">El cambio comenz\u00f3 en 1978.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Entonces, China era muy diferente a la naci\u00f3n cuya econom\u00eda hoy suele compararse a la de Estados Unidos o la Uni\u00f3n Europea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\"><b>Era un pa\u00eds empobrecido<\/b>, con un Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de US$150.000 millones para sus m\u00e1s de 800 millones de ciudadanos, muy por debajo de los US$18 billones que tuvo en 2022, seg\u00fan cifras de la ONU.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">El fundador de la Rep\u00fablica Popular China, Mao Zedong, hab\u00eda fallecido dos a\u00f1os antes, en 1976, dejando un controvertido legado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"bbc-1qn0xuy\">\n<div class=\"bbc-18ywsw9\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"bbc-139onq\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/640\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/240\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/320\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/480\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/624\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/800\/cpsprodpb\/96a9\/live\/32a82c40-773c-11ef-9dcd-d91cea42c8dc.jpg.webp 800w\" alt=\"Un visitante observa los retratos frontales de los exl\u00edderes chinos (de izq. a der.) Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao y el actual presidente Xi Jinping en el Museo de la Guerra de Resistencia del Pueblo Chino contra la Agresi\u00f3n Japonesa, en conmemoraci\u00f3n de la victoria de la Segunda Guerra Mundial sobre Jap\u00f3n.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"bbc-by8ykd\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Fuente de la imagen, <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">Getty Images<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"bbc-15f1ujd\" dir=\"ltr\"><span role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Pie de foto, <\/span><span data-testid=\"caption-paragraph\">Deng Xiaoping rompi\u00f3 con lo establecido por Mao Zedong.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Entre sus grandes proyectos se encuentran el Gran Salto Adelante (1958-1962), cuyo objetivo era transformar la econom\u00eda agraria del pa\u00eds, que provoc\u00f3 una hambruna por la que murieron al menos 10 millones de personas (hasta 45 millones, seg\u00fan fuentes independientes).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Tambi\u00e9n, la Revoluci\u00f3n Cultural (1966-1976),\u00a0<b>la campa\u00f1a de Mao contra los partidarios del &#8220;capitalismo&#8221;<\/b>, que dej\u00f3 entre centenares de miles y varios millones de fallecidos, seg\u00fan diversas fuentes, y paraliz\u00f3 la econom\u00eda.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Fue en esa situaci\u00f3n de pobreza y hambre cuando Deng Xiaoping, entonces el secretario general del gobernante Partido Comunista de China (PCCh), propuso un cambio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"Nueva-f\u00f3rmula\" class=\"bbc-1f03ibc eglt09e0\" tabindex=\"-1\">Nueva f\u00f3rmula<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Deng apost\u00f3 por las llamadas &#8220;cuatro modernizaciones&#8221; y por evolucionar hacia una econom\u00eda en la que el mercado tuviera un protagonismo creciente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Su programa fue ratificado el 18 de diciembre de 1978 por parte del Comit\u00e9 Central del PCCh y en \u00e9l se situ\u00f3 la\u00a0<b>modernizaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica como principal prioridad<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">En los a\u00f1os posteriores, se fueron poniendo en pr\u00e1ctica cambios que entonces se consideraron ambiciosos y que salieron adelante pese a la oposici\u00f3n del ala m\u00e1s conservadora del partido.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"bbc-1qn0xuy\">\n<div class=\"bbc-18ywsw9\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"bbc-139onq\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/640\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/240\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/320\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/480\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/624\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/800\/cpsprodpb\/ba18\/live\/ba471b20-773c-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 800w\" alt=\"Una de las estampas comunes en el Pek\u00edn de 1978: la avenida Chang An repleta de bicicletas.\n\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"bbc-by8ykd\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Fuente de la imagen, <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">Getty Images<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"bbc-15f1ujd\" dir=\"ltr\"><span role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Pie de foto, <\/span><span data-testid=\"caption-paragraph\">Una de las estampas comunes en el Pek\u00edn de 1978: la avenida Chang An repleta de bicicletas.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">En el sector agr\u00edcola, por ejemplo,\u00a0<b>se abandon\u00f3 progresivamente el sistema mao\u00edsta de econom\u00eda rural planificada<\/b>, lo que permiti\u00f3 incrementar la productividad y sacar a zonas del pa\u00eds de la pobreza, fomentando la migraci\u00f3n de mano de obra hacia las ciudades.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Tambi\u00e9n se aflojaron &#8220;las cadenas&#8221; del sector privado y, por primera vez desde la creaci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica Popular en 1949, el pa\u00eds se abri\u00f3 a la inversi\u00f3n extranjera.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Se crearon zonas econ\u00f3micas especiales, como la de la ciudad de Shenzhen, que sufri\u00f3 una incre\u00edble transformaci\u00f3n y hoy en d\u00eda suele describirse como el &#8220;Silicon Valley chino&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Esa apertura al exterior contribuy\u00f3 a aumentar la capacidad productiva de China y nuevos m\u00e9todos de gesti\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Sus cambios llevaron a que, tras un largo proceso, China consiguiera entrar a la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial del Comercio en 2001, lo que\u00a0<b>le abri\u00f3 definitivamente las puertas a la globalizaci\u00f3n<\/b>, que tanto ayud\u00f3 a su auge econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Y es que, en 2008, cuando la crisis financiera mundial estall\u00f3 y Occidente emprendi\u00f3 la b\u00fasqueda de nuevos mercados, China destac\u00f3 entre todos ellos, lo que le llev\u00f3 a convertirse en la &#8220;f\u00e1brica del mundo&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"bbc-1qn0xuy\">\n<div class=\"bbc-18ywsw9\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"bbc-139onq\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/640\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/240\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/320\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/624\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/800\/cpsprodpb\/6d89\/live\/953f7350-7b23-11ef-b02d-c5f3b724a1ea.jpg.webp 800w\" alt=\"Parque Industrial dedicado a almacenamiento de datos en Anqing, China. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"751\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"bbc-by8ykd\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Fuente de la imagen, <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">Getty Images<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"bbc-15f1ujd\" dir=\"ltr\"><span role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Pie de foto, <\/span><span data-testid=\"caption-paragraph\">Parque Industrial dedicado a almacenamiento de datos en Anqing, China.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Tras su boom econ\u00f3mico, no obstante, Pek\u00edn lucha ahora para desprenderse de ese nombre: dejar atr\u00e1s la manufactura y ser un pa\u00eds caracterizado por la innovaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Varios factores indican que que ya lo est\u00e1 haciendo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Seg\u00fan MDS Transmodal, una consultora de econom\u00eda del transporte, Malasia y Bangladesh han absorbido una gran proporci\u00f3n de la fabricaci\u00f3n de prendas de vestir que\u00a0<b>hace 15 a\u00f1os eran hechas en China<\/b>, mientras que Taiw\u00e1n ha experimentado un repunte marginal en la fabricaci\u00f3n de metales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Vietnam tambi\u00e9n le ha quitado una buena parte del comercio manufacturero, despu\u00e9s de que en 2014 el pa\u00eds comenz\u00f3 a invertir en ese sector y el mar\u00edtimo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"Y-el-cambio-pol\u00edtico\" class=\"bbc-1f03ibc eglt09e0\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00bfY el cambio pol\u00edtico?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Pese al \u00e9xito econ\u00f3mico, las reformas tambi\u00e9n trajeron consecuencias negativas para el pa\u00eds, como una grave contaminaci\u00f3n del aire en la mayor\u00eda de sus ciudades o una gran desigualdad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Lo primero ha dejado de ser un problema en muchas ciudades. El pa\u00eds<b>\u00a0redujo la cantidad de part\u00edculas da\u00f1inas en el aire un 40%<\/b>\u00a0entre 2013 y 2020, seg\u00fan un informe del Instituto de Pol\u00edtica Energ\u00e9tica (EPIC) de la Universidad de Chicago.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Por su parte, varias fuentes indican que la desigualdad, que alcanz\u00f3 su nivel m\u00e1s alto en la d\u00e9cada de 2000, sufri\u00f3 una disminuci\u00f3n significativa durante la d\u00e9cada pasada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Pero pese a los muchos cambios, algo que persiste es un sistema pol\u00edtico que es criticado con frecuencia en varias partes del mundo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Y es que las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas no han tra\u00eddo ning\u00fan cambio al r\u00edgido sistema de gobierno de un solo partido en el pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Los cr\u00edticos denuncian que\u00a0<b>la &#8220;represi\u00f3n&#8221; de los derechos humanos va en aumento<\/b>\u00a0y que el actual presidente, Xi Jinping, est\u00e1 coartando cada vez m\u00e1s libertades de la poblaci\u00f3n, mientras acumula m\u00e1s poder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"bbc-1qn0xuy\">\n<div class=\"bbc-18ywsw9\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"bbc-139onq\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/640\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/240\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/320\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/624\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/ws\/800\/cpsprodpb\/6e00\/live\/8d2ad680-773d-11ef-b282-4535eb84fe4b.jpg.webp 800w\" alt=\"Se considera que Xi es el l\u00edder chino con m\u00e1s poder desde Mao Zedong.\n\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" \/><\/div><figcaption class=\"bbc-15f1ujd\" dir=\"ltr\"><span role=\"text\"><span class=\"bbc-m04vo2\">Pie de foto, <\/span><span data-testid=\"caption-paragraph\">Se considera que Xi es el l\u00edder chino con m\u00e1s poder desde Mao Zedong.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">En el 74 aniversario de la fundaci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica en septiembre del a\u00f1o pasado, Xi asegur\u00f3 que\u00a0<b>el futuro de China es &#8220;brillante&#8221;<\/b>\u00a0y resalt\u00f3 c\u00f3mo el pa\u00eds ha pasado de la pobreza a la prosperidad &#8220;en todos los aspectos&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">El discurso fue pronunciado desde el Gran Palacio del Pueblo de Tiananmen, la plaza pequinesa donde el Ej\u00e9rcito acab\u00f3 a la fuerza con las manifestaciones a favor de reformas pol\u00edticas dejando un n\u00famero a\u00fan indeterminado de muertes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\">Ese oscuro cap\u00edtulo de la historia reciente de China sigue siendo un tab\u00fa para los chinos, como cualquier cr\u00edtica sobre el sistema pol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"bbc-1qn0xuy\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"bbc-hhl7in e17g058b0\" dir=\"ltr\"><i class=\"bbc-h1y5j7 eih42320\">(Con informaci\u00f3n de BBC News Mundo.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuando Mao Zedong lleg\u00f3 al poder en 1949, China estaba sumida en la pobreza y devastada por la guerra. Hoy, cuando se cumplen 75 a\u00f1os del triunfo de los comunistas, el pa\u00eds es radicalmente diferente: es una potencia mundial de primer orden y aspira a convertirse en la primera econom\u00eda del globo. Pero su &#8220;milagro [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00f3mo China pas\u00f3 de ser un pa\u00eds pobre y rural a una superpotencia mundial - The citizen for the world<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thecitizenfortheworld.com\/?p=87722\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00f3mo China pas\u00f3 de ser un pa\u00eds pobre y rural a una superpotencia mundial - The citizen for the world\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cuando Mao Zedong lleg\u00f3 al poder en 1949, China estaba sumida en la pobreza y devastada por la guerra. 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