{"id":87716,"date":"2024-10-01T19:52:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T00:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thecitizenfortheworld.com\/?p=87716"},"modified":"2024-10-01T19:52:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T00:52:08","slug":"la-sorprendente-razon-por-la-que-el-everest-crece-2-milimetros-al-ano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecitizenfortheworld.com\/?p=87716","title":{"rendered":"La sorprendente raz\u00f3n por la que el Everest crece 2 mil\u00edmetros al a\u00f1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La monta\u00f1a m\u00e1s alta del mundo sigue creciendo y un grupo de cient\u00edficos acaba de identificar una de las razones de este fen\u00f3meno.<\/b><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio, el Monte Everest es entre 15 y 50 metros m\u00e1s alto debido a la erosi\u00f3n de la roca provocada por un r\u00edo en su base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La p\u00e9rdida de masa terrestre en la cuenca del r\u00edo Arun, a 75 km de distancia, hace que el Everest suba hasta 2 mm por a\u00f1o, seg\u00fan dijeron los investigadores del University College de Londres (UCL), en Reino Unido.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“Es un poco como lanzar una carga de un barco”, le dijo a la BBC Adam Smith, coautor del estudio. “El barco se vuelve m\u00e1s liviano y por lo tanto flota un poco m\u00e1s alto. De manera similar, cuando la corteza terrestre se aligera… puede flotar un poco m\u00e1s alto”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La presi\u00f3n causada por la colisi\u00f3n de las placas india y euroasi\u00e1tica hace entre 40 y 50 millones de a\u00f1os form\u00f3 el Himalaya, y la tect\u00f3nica de placas sigue siendo la raz\u00f3n principal de su continuo ascenso.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pero\u00a0la red del r\u00edo Arun es un factor que tambi\u00e9n contribuye al ascenso de las monta\u00f1as<\/b>, seg\u00fan el equipo del UCL.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A medida que el Arun fluye a trav\u00e9s del Himalaya, va eliminando material del lecho del r\u00edo, y por tanto de la corteza terrestre. Esto reduce la presi\u00f3n sobre el manto (la capa que est\u00e1 debajo de la corteza), y hace que la corteza adelgazada se flexione y flote hacia arriba.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Este efecto se llama rebote isost\u00e1tico. La investigaci\u00f3n, publicada en la revista\u00a0Nature Geoscience<\/i>, a\u00f1ade que esta fuerza ascendente provoca que el Everest y otros picos cercanos, incluidos el Lhotse y el Makalu, la cuarta y quinta monta\u00f1as m\u00e1s altas del mundo, tambi\u00e9n se eleven.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“El Monte Everest y sus picos vecinos est\u00e1n creciendo porque el rebote isost\u00e1tico los est\u00e1 elevando m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que la erosi\u00f3n los desgasta”, le dijo a la BBC el Matthew Fox, coautor del estudio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“Podemos ver que crecen unos dos mil\u00edmetros por a\u00f1o usando instrumentos de GPS y ahora entendemos mejorpor qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 sucediendo”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Algunos ge\u00f3logos que no participaron en el estudio dijeron que la teor\u00eda era plausible, pero que hab\u00eda muchos aspectos de la investigaci\u00f3n que a\u00fan eran inciertos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Panor\u00e1mica<\/p>\n

Fuente de la imagen, <\/span>Getty Images<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

Pie de foto, <\/span>El r\u00edo Arun discurre desde TIbet hasta Nepal y confluye con otros dos para formar el Kosi.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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“Emocionante”<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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El Everest se encuentra en la frontera entre China y Nepal, y su parte norte est\u00e1 en el lado chino<\/b>. El r\u00edo Arun desciende desde el T\u00edbet hacia Nepal, y luego se une a otros dos r\u00edos para formar el Kosi, que m\u00e1s tarde ingresa al norte deIndia para encontrarse con el Ganges.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Transporta una gran cantidad de sedimentos debido a la pendiente pronunciada de las monta\u00f1as por las que fluye y a la fuerza con la que lo hace, lo que le permite erosionar grandes cantidades de roca y suelo a su paso.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sin embargo, los investigadores del UCL afirman que probablemente gan\u00f3 su verdadera fuerza cuando “captur\u00f3” otro r\u00edo o cuerpo de agua en el T\u00edbet hace 89.000 a\u00f1os, lo que, en t\u00e9rminos geol\u00f3gicos, es un evento reciente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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El acad\u00e9mico chino Xu Han, de la Universidad de Geociencias de China, fue el autor principal del estudio durante una beca en el UCL.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“La cambiante altura del Monte Everest resalta realmente la naturaleza din\u00e1mica de la superficie de la Tierra”<\/b>, coment\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“La interacci\u00f3n entre la erosi\u00f3n del r\u00edo Arun y la presi\u00f3n ascendente del manto terrestre le da un impulso al Monte Everest”, lo que le confiere una elevaci\u00f3n adicional.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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El profesor Hugh Sinclair, de la Escuela de Geociencias de la Universidad de Edimburgo, en Escocia, quien no particip\u00f3 en el estudio, afirm\u00f3 que el proceso subyacente identificado por el equipo del UCL es razonable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sin embargo, agreg\u00f3 que las cantidades exactas y los tiempos de incisi\u00f3n del r\u00edo (o c\u00f3mo el r\u00edo corta hacia abajo en su lecho y profundiza su cauce) y el consecuente levantamiento de la superficie de los picos circundantes tienen grandes incertidumbres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“En primer lugar, predecir la incisi\u00f3n de un r\u00edo en cuencas tan grandes en respuesta a la captura de drenaje (un r\u00edo que captura a otro r\u00edo o lago) es un desaf\u00edo”, coment\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Esta incertidumbre es algo que los autores han reconocido en el estudio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En segundo lugar, dijo Sinclair,\u00a0la distancia sobre la cual las monta\u00f1as se elevan desde un punto de erosi\u00f3n intensiva localizado es extremadamente dif\u00edcil de predecir<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“Sin embargo, incluso considerando estas reservas, la posibilidad de que parte de la elevaci\u00f3n excepcional del Everest est\u00e9 relacionada con el r\u00edo representa una perspectiva emocionante”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Con informaci\u00f3n de BBC News Mundo.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La monta\u00f1a m\u00e1s alta del mundo sigue creciendo y un grupo de cient\u00edficos acaba de identificar una de las razones de este fen\u00f3meno. Seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio, el Monte Everest es entre 15 y 50 metros m\u00e1s alto debido a la erosi\u00f3n de la roca provocada por un r\u00edo en su base. 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